Practice on the defining and nondefining relative clauses. Relative clauses exercise 1 perfect english grammar. A clause of this kind is essential to the clear understanding of the noun. The relative clause is closed off by commas and is quite similar to information in brackets. It isnt essential for understanding who or what we are talking about.
Here we need the relative pronoun which, because it is a nondefining relative clause and the first word after the pronoun is a verb. Add the phrase in brackets to the sentence using that or who and a relative clause. This webpage, which that has exercises below, was written in 2017. It is important to distinguish between them because it affects the choice of pronoun used to introduce the clause. Buckingham palace, the queen of england lives, is in the. Relative clauses defining and nondefining test english. Relative clauses in english exercises advanced level esl. In this sentence we understand that there are many dogs in the world, but we are only talking about the ones that like cats. In this lesson, you will learn about defining and nondefining relative clauses.
Exercise school of english defining and nondefining. To understand the distinctions between that and which it is necessary to understand defining restrictive and nondefining nonrestrictive clauses learning these distinctions is one technical aspect of grammar that every user of english should understand, because it is at the root of an assortment of grammatical errors. You may remove the relative pronoun and reduce your sentence in certain conditions. Relative clausesrelative pronouns mixed relative pronouns 1 level. We could miss out the relative and the meaning would still be clear. Whothat for people the book which that i read is very interesting which that for things thats the university where i studied. The relative pronoun can be the subject or the object of the relative clause.
Nondefining relative clauses give us extra information about a noun. Non defining relative clauses are not used in spoken english. In defining relative clauses, the pronouns who, whom, and which are often replaced by that in spoken english. Make one sentence by changing the sentence in italics into a defining relative clause. Dublin, is the capital of ireland, is my favourite city. Definition of defining relative clauses from our glossary of english linguistic and grammatical terms containing explanations and crossreferences to other relevant english grammar terms. This smartphone, i bought last week, takes great photos. Nondefining relative clauses non defining clauses add extra information. Relative clauses exercise 2 perfect english grammar. If the nondefining relative clause occurs at the end of a sentence, a comma is put before the relative pronoun.
Nondefining relative clauses are not used in spoken english. The award was given to sara, whose short story impressed the judges. Relative clauses defining and nondefining that, which types of relative clauses. Relative clauses exercise 4 perfect english grammar. There are two broad types of relative clauses in english. London, which is the capital of england, is one of the largest cities in the world. Relative clauses defining and nondefining that, which. You also cannot leave out the relative pronoun in non defining relative clauses, in the way you sometimes can in defining relative clauses. A collection of english esl worksheets for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to teach about defining, relative, clauses. Defining vs non defining there are two types of relative clauses, defining and nondefining. Relative clauses learn about relative pronouns in nonrestrictive clauses nondefining clauses and.
See a list of all the exercises about relative clauses here. However, sometimes a relative clause is so important that the main sentence will be difficult to understand or have no meaning without it. It is not essential information to understand the sentence. We dont use that in nondefining relative clauses, so we need to use which if the pronoun refers to a thing, and who if it refers to a person. That is very common in spoken english and often replaces who and which, but only in defining relative clauses. Defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way as to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. School of english defining and nondefining relative clauses exercise school of english oficines centrals. Non defining clauses non restrictive clauses we use non defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing. Complete the sentences with whose, who, which, or where. Mr brown, whom we studied english with, is a very nice. Heres a list of all the relative clause exercises on the site. There is a short quiz at the end to see how much you.
Relative clauses learnenglish teens british council. For example my friend john, who went to the same school as me, has just written a bestselling novel. May be freely copied for personal or classroom use. Defining relative clauses 1 in pdf here defining relative clauses 2 in pdf here defining relative clauses 3 in pdf here defining relative clauses 4 in pdf here go to the main relative clauses explanation page here. The man who wants to talk to you is waiting for you. Relative pronouns relative pronouns are the words that introduce relative clauses. Relative clauses are nonessential parts of a sentence. They may add meaning, but if they are removed, the sentence will still function grammatically. They are seperated by commas in writing, and by a pause on either side. Some exercises and teachers tips to practice the defining clauses and the nondefining clauses alike. School of english defining and nondefining relative clauses exercise school of english.
In nondefining relative clauses, you cannot replace other pronouns with that. The relative clause is closed off by commas and is quite similar to information in brackets 2. Advanced choose the correct response to complete each relative clauses. Relative clauses nondefining relative clauses grammar. Exercise 2 nondefining relative clauses solutions oxford. Add the phrase in brackets to the sentence using a relative clause. In the grammar chart below, you can see the main differences between them. Relative pronouns and clauses in english grammar exercises. English esl defining relative clauses worksheets most. We dont use that in non defining relative clauses, so we need to use which if the pronoun refers to a thing, and who if it refers to a person. Bbc learning english quiznet nondefining relative clauses. We cant drop the relative pronoun in this kind of clause, even if the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause. School of english defining and nondefining relative clauses exercise school of english oficines.
As the name suggests, defining relative clauses give essential information to define or identify the person or thing we are talking about. In non defining relative clauses, you cannot replace other pronouns with that. Future in the past future perfect continuous i will have beenworking here ten years future perfect simple i will have worked eight hours. Please contact me if you have any questions or ntact me if you have any questions or comments. We visited prague castle, which is close to charles bridge. A non defining relative clause gives us extra information about something. To understand the differences between that and which it is necessary to understand what defining restrictive and nondefining nonrestrictive clauses are. They can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause.
Nondefining relative clauses give us extra information about someone or something. Defining and nondefining relative clauses intermediate. Nondefining relative pronouns exercise three things about non defining relative clauses. The house, which was built in 1883, has just been opened to the public. You also cannot leave out the relative pronoun in nondefining relative clauses, in the way you sometimes can in defining relative clauses. Relative clauses exercise 3 perfect english grammar. English esl nondefining relative clauses worksheets. Relative clauses intermediate in this worksheet you will find an explanation on the difference between defining and. Defining and nondefining relative clauses nondefining relative clauses. Nondefining relative pronouns exercise three things about nondefining relative clauses. Defining relative clauses exercise 3 make one sentence by changing the sentence in italics into a defining relative clause. In a nondefining adjective clause an adjective clause with commas, the only relative pronouns you can use are who, whom, which, whose, where, and when. Nondefining clauses nonrestrictive clauses we use nondefining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing. Relative pronouns the following relative pronouns are used in nondefining clauses.
Defining and nondefining relative clauses defining relative clauses introduce essential information to identify people, things or places. A collection of english esl worksheets for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to teach about relative, clauses, relative c. Turn the underlined sentence into a relative clause. English grammar relative clauses relative clauses introduction there are two types of relative clauses. A relative clause is an added part in a sentence that is used in relation to the main sentence. You will learn what they are and how and when to use them. We dont need a relative pronoun, because the first word in the relative clause is not a verb. Choose defining relative clause if you think it doesnt need commas and nondefining relative clause if you think it needs commas. Esl english relative clauses quiz 5 mixed relative. We use commas to separate them from the rest of the sentence, unless they come at the end of the sentence, when we use a comma and a full stop. Amelia, mother is from shanghai, speaks english and chinese fluently. We use those to give extra information, which isnt absolutely necessary.
Relative clause exercises about defining and nondefining relative clauses. Non defining relative clauses defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. Another possible answer is which is a familyrun organisation. Defining vs nondefining there are two types of relative clauses, defining and nondefining. Selection file type icon file name description size revision time user. In defining clauses, we can omit the relative pronoun in the position of object.
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